Pteridium aquilinum

Smith System: Domain: Eukaryota • Regnum: Plantae • Divisio: Pteridophyta • Classis: Polypodiopsida • Ordo: Polypodiales • Familia: Dennstaedtiaceae • Genus: Pteridium • Species: Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn

Wikispecies has an entry on:

Pteridium aquilinum

Synonyms

Pteris aquilina L. (basionym)

Vernacular names [edit wikidata 'Pteridium aquilinum']

• English: Bracken, bracken, bracken fern
• Afrikaans: Adelaarsvaring
• العربية: خنشار كبير
• مصرى: البتيريديوم اكويلينوم
• asturianu: felechu
• башҡортса: Абаға
• беларуская: Арляк звычайны
• български: Орлова папрат
• bosanski: Orlova paprat
• català: Falguera aquilina
• čeština: hasivka orličí
• Cymraeg: Rhedynen ungoes, Adain-redynen eryraidd
• dansk: Ørnebregne
• Deutsch: Adlerfarn
• American English: Eastern brakenfern, western brackenfern
• Esperanto: Agla pteridio
• español: Helecho águila
• eesti: Kilpjalg
• euskara: Iratze arrunt
• فارسی: سرخس عقابی
• suomi: taigasananjalka
• français: fougère-aigle
• Gaeilge: raithneach
• galego: Fento común
• עברית: אברנית הנשר
• magyar: Saspáfrány
• հայերեն: Արծվապտեր
• italiano: Felce aquilina
• 日本語: ワラビ
• ქართული: ეწრის გვიმრა
• Taqbaylit: Ifilku
• қазақша: Кәдімгі еркекқырыққұлақ, Кәдімгі орляк шөбі
• قازاقشا (تٴوتە): كادىمگى ورلياك ٴشوبى
• قازاقشا (جۇنگو): كادىمگى ورلياك ٴشوبى
• қазақша (кирил): Кәдімгі орляк шөбі
• қазақша (Қазақстан): Кәдімгі орляк шөбі
• qazaqşa (latın): Kädimgi orlyak şöbi
• qazaqşa (Türkïya): Kädimgi orlyak şöbi
• 한국어: 고사리
• Lëtzebuergesch: Aadlerfar
• lietuvių: Didžialapis šakys
• 文言: 蕨
• македонски: Орлова папрат
• مازِرونی: کرف
• norsk bokmål: einstape
• Nederlands: Adelaarsvaren, adelaarsvaren
• norsk nynorsk: Einstape
• norsk: Einstape
• Diné bizaad: Dééłdą́ą́ʼ
• polski: Orlica pospolita
• português: Feto-comum
• русский: Орляк обыкновенный
• slovenščina: orlova praprot
• српски / srpski: Бујад
• српски (ћирилица): Бујад
• srpski (latinica): Bujad
• svenska: Örnbräken
• Türkçe: Eğrelti otu
• українська: Орляк звичайний
• 粵語: 蕨菜
• 中文: 欧洲蕨, 蕨菜
• 中文（中国大陆）: 蕨菜
• 中文（简体）: 欧洲蕨
• 中文（繁體）: 蕨菜
• 中文（香港）: 蕨菜
• 中文（新加坡）: 蕨菜
• 中文（臺灣）: 蕨菜

Photos

Pteridium aquilinum subsp. aquilinum

Europe (except NE), SW Asia, NW Africa

• 
  Bioussac, Charente, France
• 
  Bioussac, Charente, France
• 
  Paslières, Auvergne, France
• 
  Paslières, Auvergne, France
• 
  Monte Arcosu, Sardinia, Italy
• 
  near Mitcheldean, Herefordshire, UK
• 
  Young fronds, Czechia
• 
  Young frond; Mop End, Amersham, Bucks, UK
• 
  Watersfield Common, Watersfield, West Sussex, UK
• 
  Saint-Léger-Triey, Côte-d'Or, France
• 
  In autumn; Fontainebleau, France
• 
  Large clonal colony in autumn; Cap Sizun, Finistère, France
• 
  With salt spray damage; Pointe du Raz, western Brittany, France
• 
  Sierra Madrona, Spain
• 
  Klavdievo, Borodianka Raion, Kiev Oblast, Ukraine
• 
  Lieberoser Heide, Brandenburg, Germany
• 
  Schwarzenberg, Vorarlberg, Austria.
• 
  Ceuta, NW Africa
• 
  Eflani, Karabük, Turkey
• 
  France
• 
  Netherlands
• 
  Netherlands
• 
  Commanster, High Ardennes, Belgium
• 
  Detail of sori; Rechterbach, Belgium
• 
  Underside of pinna; Goleniow, NW Poland
• 
  Cross-section of stem (nl:dwarsdoorsnede stengel); Netherlands
• 
  Rhizome (nl:wortelstok); Netherlands

Pteridium aquilinum subsp. pinetorum

NE Europe, C Europe (Alps & Carpathians), NW Asia

• 
  Ķemeri National Park, Tukuma, Latvia
• 
  Lithuania
• 
  In autumn; Estonia
• 
  Jeleniak Mikuliny, Silesia, Poland
• 
  Jeleniak Mikuliny, Silesia, Poland
• 
  Erzgebirge, Germany
• 
  Brunnen, Schwyz, Switzerland
• 
  Bern, Switzerland
• 
  Bern, Switzerland
• 
  Bern, Switzerland
• 
  Bern, Switzerland

Pteridium aquilinum subsp. japonicum

NE Asia

• 
  Young frond; Japan
• 
  Young frond; Japan
• 
  Young frond; Japan

Pteridium aquilinum subsp. latiusculum

N North America

• 
  Pancake Bay Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada
• 
  Wisconsin State Natural Area #612, Wisconsin, USA
• 
  Mackinac County, Michigan, USA
• 
  Seney National Wildlife Refuge, Michigan, USA

Pteridium aquilinum subsp. pubescens

W North America

• 
  Pike and San Isabel National Forests, Colorado, USA
• 
  Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA
• 
  Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado, USA
• 
  Umatilla National Forest, Oregon, USA
• 
  Idaho, USA

Pteridium aquilinum subsp. decompositum

Hawaii (endemic)

• 
  ʻAiea Loop Trail, Oʻahu, Hawaii
• 
  ʻAiea Loop Trail, Oʻahu, Hawaii
• 
  ʻAiea Loop Trail, Oʻahu, Hawaii
• 
  Polipoli, Maui, Hawaii
• 
  Polipoli, Maui, Hawaii
• 
  Auwahi, Maui, Hawaii
• 
  Auwahi, Maui, Hawaii
• 
  Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaii

Illustrations

• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
  Orlova praprot. (Pteris aquilína). Illustration #327 in Martin Cilenšek, Naše škodljive rastline, Celovec (1892)
• 
  Our Ferns in their Haunts fig. 41. lower pinna
• 
  Our Ferns in their Haunts fig. 42. stem cross-section
• 
  Our Ferns in their Haunts fig. 43. spore-bearing pinna
• 
  Our Ferns in their Haunts fig. 44. lower pinna
• 
  Our Ferns in their Haunts fig. 45. rootstock

References

For subspecies treatment

• Thomson, J. A. (2004). Towards a taxonomic revision of Pteridium (Dennstaedtiaceae). Telopea 10 (4): 793-804 pdf full text.
• Der, J. P., Thomson, J. A., Stratford, J. K., & Wolf, P. G. (2009). Global chloroplast phylogeny and biogeography of bracken (Pteridium; Dennstaedtiaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 96 (5): 1041-1049 pdf full text.